As other softwares "R" has nice tools to look to the data before to develop the calibration.
Statistics for the "Y" variable (in this case octane number) like Maximun, Minimun,..,standard deviation,...are important:
> library(ChemometricsWithR)
> data(gasoline)
> summary(gasoline$octane)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
83.40 85.88 87.75 87.18 88.45 89.60
> sd(gasoline$octane)
1.530078
And of course the Histogram:
> hist(gasoline$octane)
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