#|label: helper-functions
Construct_Freq_Table <- function(word_list) {

#scoring code uses the counting code from

#https://www.r-bloggers.com/2018/12/rrrrs-in-r-letter-frequency-in-r-package-names/  
# making the frequency table ----

letters <- unlist(strsplit(word_list[,1], split = ""))
char_frequencies <- as.data.frame(table(letters))

#normalized
common <- max(char_frequencies[,2])
y = (char_frequencies[,2]/common)
char_frequencies$normalized <- y
return(char_frequencies)
}

Scoring_Word <- function(word, freqs = char_frequencies,
                         verbose = FALSE, debug_detail = FALSE){
  letter_vec <-  unlist(strsplit(word, split = ""))
    if (verbose == TRUE)
    {message("I'm in Scoring_words message and scoring: ", word)}
  
  value <- 0
  for (i in 1:length(letter_vec)) {
    position <- letter_vec[i]== freqs$letters
    value[i] <- freqs$normalized[position]
    if (debug_detail == TRUE)
    {
      print("I am in the scoring loop calculating value: ")
      print(i)
      print(sum(value))
      
    }
    
    if (i == length(letter_vec)) {
      
      return(total <- sum(value))
    }
    
  }
  }
  

Scoring_Word_Unique <- function(word, freqs = char_frequencies, 
                                verbose = FALSE, debug_detail = FALSE){
  # This does only score on unique letters
  letter_vec <-  unlist(strsplit(word, split = ""))
  unique_letter_vec <- unique(letter_vec)
  #unique_letter_vec <- letter_vec
  if (verbose == TRUE)
  {message("I'm in Scoring_words_Unique and scoring: ", word)}
  
  value <- 0
  if (length(unique_letter_vec) == 0) {
    return(value)
  } else{
    for (i in 1:length(unique_letter_vec)) {
           position <- unique_letter_vec[i] == freqs$letters
          value[i] <- freqs$normalized[position]
      if (debug_detail == TRUE)
      {
        print("I am in the unique scoring loop calculating value: ")
        print(i)
        print(sum(value))
      }
      
      if (i == length(unique_letter_vec)) {
        
        return(total <- sum(value))
      }
      
    }
  }
}

Removing_Letters <- function(word, chosen_word, 
                              verbose = FALSE, debug_detail = FALSE) {
  lvec <- gsub(paste0("[", chosen_word, "]"), "", word)  
  return(lvec)}

# Loading libraries and data ----
library("tidyverse")


#from https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/sgb-words.txt
word_list <- 
  read.table("C:/Users/drsin/OneDrive/Documents/R Projects/Word-Games/input/sgb-words.txt") 

# Functions ----
#source("code/helper-functions.R")

# calculate letter frequencies from word list
char_frequencies <- Construct_Freq_Table(word_list)

# Initialize the word_scores dataframe ----
num_words <- nrow(word_list)
#num_words <- 5
word_scores <- data.frame(word_name = word_list[1:num_words,1],
                    word_length = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    word_guess1 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    word_guess2 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    word_guess3 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    word_guess4 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    score = rep(0, times = num_words), 
                    score_guess1 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    score_guess2 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    score_guess3 = rep(0, times = num_words),
                    score_guess4 = rep(0, times = num_words)
                                                )
#fill in word lengths.  This is so code can be expended to longer words
word_scores$word_length <-  str_length(word_scores$word_name)

# Calculates the initial scores for all words -----

word_scores <- word_scores %>% 
  mutate(score = map_dbl(word_name, Scoring_Word))

word_scores <- word_scores %>%
  mutate(score_guess1 = map_dbl(word_name, Scoring_Word_Unique))


# Finding the best first word
top_words <- word_scores %>%
 arrange(desc(score_guess1))
word_1 <- top_words$word_name[1]

# Scoring for second guess
word_scores <- word_scores %>%
  mutate(word_guess2 = 
           map_chr(word_name, Removing_Letters, chosen_word = word_1))
word_scores <- word_scores %>%
  mutate(score_guess2 = map_dbl(word_guess2, Scoring_Word_Unique))

top_words <- word_scores %>%
  arrange(desc(score_guess2))

word_2 <- top_words$word_name[1]

# Scoring for third guess
word_scores <- word_scores %>% 
  mutate(word_guess3 =
           map_chr(word_guess2, Removing_Letters, chosen_word = word_2))
word_scores <- word_scores %>%
  mutate(score_guess3 = map_dbl(word_guess3, Scoring_Word_Unique))


top_words <- word_scores %>%
  arrange(desc(score_guess3))
word_3 <- top_words$word_name[1]

# Scoring for fourth guess
word_scores <- word_scores %>%
  mutate(word_guess4 = 
           map_chr(word_guess3, Removing_Letters, chosen_word = word_3))
word_scores <- word_scores %>%
  mutate(score_guess4 = map_dbl(word_guess4, Scoring_Word_Unique))


top_words <- word_scores %>%
  arrange(desc(score_guess4))

word_4 <- top_words$word_name[1]

# subsetting this dataframe and reshaping it.
# This is used to make a density plot later.
word_scores2 <- word_scores %>%
   select(word_name, score_guess1, score_guess2, score_guess3, score_guess4)
word_scores_reshaped <- 
  pivot_longer(word_scores2, cols = 2:5, 
               names_to = "score_type", values_to = "score")

### This is now just visualizing what we've done. ------

#plotting the frequency of the letters in our word_set
ggplot(char_frequencies, 
       aes(x = fct_rev(fct_reorder(letters,  normalized)), y = normalized )) +
  geom_col() +
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  labs(title = "Frequencies of Letters", caption = "from 5 letter words") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) +
  xlab("Letter") +
  ylab("Frequency") +
    scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0))

## This looks at the distribution of scores as guessing occurs.  Initially, you have a

word_scores_reshaped$score_type <- as.factor(word_scores_reshaped$score_type)

ggplot(word_scores_reshaped, aes(score, fill = score_type)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.5) +
  theme_classic() +
  labs(title = "Evolution of Word Scores as Guessing Progresses",
       caption = "for 5 letter words") +
  xlab("Score") +
  ylab("Density") +
  labs(fill = "") +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.7, 0.8)) +
  scale_x_continuous( expand = c(0, 0)) +
  scale_y_continuous( expand = c(0, 0)) 

## Now we are visualizing what letters are picked in each guess
guess <- rep("not guessed", times = 26)
char_frequencies <- cbind(char_frequencies, guess)

# this is done in reverse order because some letters are guessed in more than
# one word and I'd like them marked at the earliest guess.
letter_vec <-  unlist(strsplit(word_4, split = ""))
print(letter_vec)

[1] "w" "h" "a" "c" "k"

for (i in 1:length(letter_vec)) {
  position <- letter_vec[i] == char_frequencies$letters
  char_frequencies$guess[position] <- "Guess 4"
}

letter_vec <-  unlist(strsplit(word_3, split = ""))
print(letter_vec)

[1] "d" "u" "m" "p" "y"

for (i in 1:length(letter_vec)) {
  position <- letter_vec[i] == char_frequencies$letters
  char_frequencies$guess[position] <- "Guess 3"
}

letter_vec <-  unlist(strsplit(word_2, split = ""))
print(letter_vec)

[1] "u" "n" "t" "i" "l"

for (i in 1:length(letter_vec)) {
  position <- letter_vec[i] == char_frequencies$letters
  char_frequencies$guess[position] <- "Guess 2"
}


letter_vec <-  unlist(strsplit(word_1, split = ""))
print(letter_vec)

[1] "a" "r" "o" "s" "e"

for (i in 1:length(letter_vec)) {
  position <- letter_vec[i] == char_frequencies$letters
  char_frequencies$guess[position] <- "Guess 1"
}


ggplot(char_frequencies, aes(
  x = fct_rev(fct_reorder(letters,  normalized)),
  y = normalized,
  fill = guess)) +
  geom_col() +
  ggtitle("When Letters are Guessed") +
  ylab("Normalized Counts") +
  xlab("Letter") +
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.6, 0.6)) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0))