Per cent who are women in different occupational groups in Sweden, feature importance

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In a previous post, I analysed the feature importance for the per cent of engineers in Sweden who are women. I found that the size of the region is a feature that is significant for the per cent of engineers in Sweden who are women. In this post, I will analyse the feature importance of different occupational groups in Sweden. I will use an ensemble of linear models in my analysis.

Statistics Sweden use NUTS (Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques), which is the EU’s hierarchical regional division, to specify the regions.

Please send suggestions for improvement of the analysis to .

First, define libraries and functions.

library (tidyverse)
## -- Attaching packages -------------------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.0 --
## v ggplot2 3.3.0     v purrr   0.3.4
## v tibble  3.0.0     v dplyr   0.8.5
## v tidyr   1.0.2     v stringr 1.4.0
## v readr   1.3.1     v forcats 0.5.0
## -- Conflicts ----------------------------------------------------- tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
library (broom)
library (car)
## Loading required package: carData
## 
## Attaching package: 'car'
## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
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##     recode
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library (caret)    
## Loading required package: lattice
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## Attaching package: 'caret'
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##     lift
library (recipes)  
## 
## Attaching package: 'recipes'
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##     step
library (PerformanceAnalytics)
## Loading required package: xts
## Loading required package: zoo
## 
## Attaching package: 'zoo'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
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library (ggpubr)
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##     extract
library (ipred) 
library (iml)
library (SuperLearner)
## Loading required package: nnls
## Super Learner
## Version: 2.0-26
## Package created on 2019-10-27
library (scatterplot3d)

readfile <- function (file1){read_csv (file1, col_types = cols(), locale = readr::locale (encoding = "latin1"), na = c("..", "NA")) %>%
  gather (starts_with("19"), starts_with("20"), key = "year", value = groupsize) %>%
  drop_na() %>%
  mutate (year_n = parse_number (year))
}

perc_women <- function(x){  
  ifelse (length(x) == 2, x[2] / (x[1] + x[2]), NA)
} 

nuts <- read.csv("nuts.csv") %>%
  mutate(NUTS2_sh = substr(NUTS2, 3, 4))

nuts %>% 
  distinct (NUTS2_en) %>%
  knitr::kable(
    booktabs = TRUE,
    caption = 'Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)')
Table 1: Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)
NUTS2_en
SE11 Stockholm
SE12 East-Central Sweden
SE21 Småland and islands
SE22 South Sweden
SE23 West Sweden
SE31 North-Central Sweden
SE32 Central Norrland
SE33 Upper Norrland
SL.lm.caret <- function(..., method = "lm", tuneLength = 3, obsWeights = obsWeights, trControl = caret::trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10, verboseIter = FALSE)){
    suppressWarnings(SL.caret(..., obsWeights = obsWeights, method = method, tuneLength = tuneLength, trControl = trControl))
}

SL.lmStepAIC.caret <- function(..., method = "lmStepAIC", tuneLength = 3, obsWeights = obsWeights, trControl = caret::trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10, verboseIter = FALSE)){
    suppressWarnings(SL.caret(..., obsWeights = obsWeights, method = method, tuneLength = tuneLength, trControl = trControl))
}  

SL.bayesglm.caret <- function(..., method = "bayesglm", tuneLength = 3, obsWeights = obsWeights, trControl = caret::trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10, verboseIter = FALSE)){
    suppressWarnings(SL.caret(..., obsWeights = obsWeights, method = method, tuneLength = tuneLength, trControl = trControl))
}  

SL.rlm.caret <- function(..., method = "rlm", tuneLength = 3, obsWeights = obsWeights, trControl = caret::trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10, verboseIter = FALSE)){
    suppressWarnings(SL.caret(..., obsWeights = obsWeights, method = method, tuneLength = tuneLength, trControl = trControl))
}

The data tables are downloaded from Statistics Sweden. They are saved as a comma-delimited file without heading, UF0506A1.csv, http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/.

The tables:

UF0506A1_1.csv: Population 16-74 years of age by region, highest level of education, age and sex. Year 1985 - 2018 NUTS 2 level 2008- 10 year intervals (16-74)

000000CG_1: Average basic salary, monthly salary and women´s salary as a percentage of men´s salary by region, sector, occupational group (SSYK 2012) and sex. Year 2014 - 2018 Monthly salary All sectors.

000000CD_1.csv: Average basic salary, monthly salary and women´s salary as a percentage of men´s salary by region, sector, occupational group (SSYK 2012) and sex. Year 2014 - 2018 Number of employees All sectors.

The data is aggregated, the size of each group is in the column groupsize.

I have also included some calculated predictors from the original data.

perc_women: The percentage of women within each group defined by edulevel, region and year

perc_women_region: The percentage of women within each group defined by year and region

regioneduyears: The average number of education years per capita within each group defined by year and region

eduquotient: The quotient between regioneduyears for men and women

salaryquotient: The quotient between salary for men and women within each group defined by year and region

perc_women_eng_region: The percentage of women who are engineers within each group defined by year and region

numedulevel <- read.csv("edulevel_1.csv") 

numedulevel[, 2] <- data.frame(c(8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 22, NA))

tb <- readfile("000000CG_1.csv") 
tb <- readfile("000000CD_1.csv") %>% 
  left_join(tb, by = c("region", "year", "sex", "sector","occuptional  (SSYK 2012)")) 

tb <- readfile("UF0506A1_1.csv") %>%  
  right_join(tb, by = c("region", "year", "sex")) %>%
  right_join(numedulevel, by = c("level of education" = "level.of.education")) %>%
  filter(!is.na(eduyears)) %>%  
  mutate(edulevel = `level of education`) %>%
  group_by(edulevel, region, year, sex, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`) %>%
  mutate(groupsize_all_ages = sum(groupsize)) %>%  
  group_by(edulevel, region, year, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`) %>% 
  mutate (perc_women = perc_women (groupsize_all_ages[1:2])) %>% 
  mutate (suming = sum(groupsize.x)) %>%
  mutate (salary = (groupsize.y[2] * groupsize.x[2] + groupsize.y[1] * groupsize.x[1])/(groupsize.x[2] + groupsize.x[1])) %>%
  group_by (sex, year, region, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`) %>%
  mutate(regioneduyears_sex = sum(groupsize * eduyears) / sum(groupsize)) %>%
  mutate(regiongroupsize = sum(groupsize)) %>% 
  mutate(suming_sex = groupsize.x) %>%
  group_by(region, year, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`) %>%
  mutate (sum_pop = sum(groupsize)) %>%
  mutate (regioneduyears = sum(groupsize * eduyears) / sum(groupsize)) %>%
  mutate (perc_women_region = perc_women (regiongroupsize[1:2])) %>% 
  mutate (eduquotient = regioneduyears_sex[2] / regioneduyears_sex[1]) %>% 
  mutate (salary_sex = groupsize.y) %>%
  mutate (salaryquotient = salary_sex[2] / salary_sex[1]) %>%   
  mutate (perc_women_eng_region = perc_women(suming_sex[1:2])) %>%  
  left_join(nuts %>% distinct (NUTS2_en, NUTS2_sh), by = c("region" = "NUTS2_en")) %>%
  drop_na()

summary(tb)
##     region              age            level of education     sex           
##  Length:29050       Length:29050       Length:29050       Length:29050      
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##      year             groupsize          year_n        sector         
##  Length:29050       Min.   :   405   Min.   :2014   Length:29050      
##  Class :character   1st Qu.: 25412   1st Qu.:2015   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Median : 61291   Median :2016   Mode  :character  
##                     Mean   : 71345   Mean   :2016                     
##                     3rd Qu.:113524   3rd Qu.:2017                     
##                     Max.   :271889   Max.   :2018                     
##  occuptional  (SSYK 2012)  groupsize.x       year_n.x     groupsize.y    
##  Length:29050             Min.   :  100   Min.   :2014   Min.   : 20200  
##  Class :character         1st Qu.:  490   1st Qu.:2015   1st Qu.: 28900  
##  Mode  :character         Median : 1300   Median :2016   Median : 33900  
##                           Mean   : 3258   Mean   :2016   Mean   : 37066  
##                           3rd Qu.: 3400   3rd Qu.:2017   3rd Qu.: 42100  
##                           Max.   :45000   Max.   :2018   Max.   :133600  
##     year_n.y       eduyears       edulevel         groupsize_all_ages
##  Min.   :2014   Min.   : 8.00   Length:29050       Min.   :   405    
##  1st Qu.:2015   1st Qu.: 9.00   Class :character   1st Qu.: 25412    
##  Median :2016   Median :12.00   Mode  :character   Median : 61291    
##  Mean   :2016   Mean   :12.71                      Mean   : 71345    
##  3rd Qu.:2017   3rd Qu.:15.00                      3rd Qu.:113524    
##  Max.   :2018   Max.   :22.00                      Max.   :271889    
##    perc_women         suming          salary       regioneduyears_sex
##  Min.   :0.3575   Min.   :  240   Min.   : 20661   Min.   :11.18     
##  1st Qu.:0.4343   1st Qu.: 1330   1st Qu.: 29046   1st Qu.:11.63     
##  Median :0.4655   Median : 3100   Median : 34041   Median :11.78     
##  Mean   :0.4775   Mean   : 6515   Mean   : 37105   Mean   :11.83     
##  3rd Qu.:0.5132   3rd Qu.: 7400   3rd Qu.: 42068   3rd Qu.:12.09     
##  Max.   :0.6423   Max.   :60000   Max.   :113976   Max.   :12.55     
##  regiongroupsize    suming_sex       sum_pop        regioneduyears 
##  Min.   :128262   Min.   :  100   Min.   : 262870   Min.   :11.39  
##  1st Qu.:292864   1st Qu.:  490   1st Qu.: 596546   1st Qu.:11.56  
##  Median :528643   Median : 1300   Median :1057419   Median :11.82  
##  Mean   :499413   Mean   : 3258   Mean   : 998826   Mean   :11.83  
##  3rd Qu.:708813   3rd Qu.: 3400   3rd Qu.:1417931   3rd Qu.:11.93  
##  Max.   :827940   Max.   :45000   Max.   :1655215   Max.   :12.41  
##  perc_women_region  eduquotient      salary_sex     salaryquotient  
##  Min.   :0.4831    Min.   :1.019   Min.   : 20200   Min.   :0.6423  
##  1st Qu.:0.4890    1st Qu.:1.027   1st Qu.: 28900   1st Qu.:0.9144  
##  Median :0.4937    Median :1.032   Median : 33900   Median :0.9556  
##  Mean   :0.4931    Mean   :1.033   Mean   : 37066   Mean   :0.9502  
##  3rd Qu.:0.4971    3rd Qu.:1.040   3rd Qu.: 42100   3rd Qu.:0.9941  
##  Max.   :0.5014    Max.   :1.047   Max.   :133600   Max.   :1.3090  
##  perc_women_eng_region   NUTS2_sh        
##  Min.   :0.01659       Length:29050      
##  1st Qu.:0.30876       Class :character  
##  Median :0.56000       Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :0.52565                         
##  3rd Qu.:0.72414                         
##  Max.   :0.94527
tbtemp <- ungroup(tb) %>% dplyr::select(salary, suming, year_n, sum_pop, regioneduyears, perc_women_region, salaryquotient, eduquotient, perc_women_eng_region, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`)

tb_unique <- unique(tbtemp)

I will use SuperLearner to train the ensemble consisting of four linear models without interactions. The four models are Linear Regression (lm), Linear Regression with Stepwise Selection (lmStepAIC), Bayesian Generalized Linear Model (bayesglm) and Robust Linear Model (rlm).

summary_table = vector()
cor_table = vector()
sp_table <- vector()
rmse_table <- vector()

for (i in unique(tb_unique$`occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`)){
  temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == i)
  if (dim(temp)[1] > 20){
     temp_weights = temp$suming
     temp <- dplyr::select(temp, - c(`occuptional  (SSYK 2012)`, suming))
     blueprint <- recipe(perc_women_eng_region ~ ., data = temp) %>%
       step_integer(matches("Qual|Cond|QC|Qu")) %>%
       step_center(all_numeric(), -all_outcomes()) %>%
       step_scale(all_numeric(), -all_outcomes()) %>%
       step_dummy(all_nominal(), -all_outcomes(), one_hot = TRUE)
     prepare <- prep(blueprint, training = temp)
     temp <- bake(prepare, new_data = temp)
  
     invisible(capture.output(model <- SuperLearner(
        temp$perc_women_eng_region,
        data.frame(dplyr::select(temp, -c(perc_women_eng_region))),
        family = gaussian(),
        verbose = FALSE,
        obsWeights = temp_weights,
        SL.library = list("SL.lm.caret", "SL.lmStepAIC.caret", "SL.bayesglm.caret", "SL.rlm.caret"))))

     pred <- function(object, newdata){
       predict(model, newdata=newdata, onlySL = TRUE)$pred
     }  
    
     predictor <- Predictor$new(model, 
        data = dplyr::select(temp, -perc_women_eng_region), 
        y = temp$perc_women_eng_region,
        predict.fun = pred)   
   
     imp <- FeatureImp$new(predictor, loss = "mae", n.repetitions = 30)
    
     summary_table <- rbind(summary_table, mutate(tibble(.rows = 7), importance = imp$results$importance, feature = imp$results$feature, importance.05 = imp$results$importance.05, ssyk = i))
    
     cor_table <- rbind(cor_table, mutate(tibble(.rows = 7), feature = colnames(dplyr::select(temp, -c(perc_women_eng_region))), cor = cor(dplyr::select(temp, -c(perc_women_eng_region)), temp$perc_women_eng_region), ssyk = i))
    
     sp_table <- rbind(sp_table, mutate(tibble(.rows = 4), coef = model$coef, model = names(model$coef),  ssyk = i))
    
     prs <- postResample(pred = predict(model)$pred, obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
    
     rmse_table <- rbind(rmse_table, mutate(tibble(.rows = 1), RMSE = prs[1], Rsquared = prs[2], MAE = prs[3], ssyk = i))    
  }
}
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'lme4':
##   method                          from
##   cooks.distance.influence.merMod car 
##   influence.merMod                car 
##   dfbeta.influence.merMod         car 
##   dfbetas.influence.merMod        car

The table below shows the feature values for the different occupation groups and if there is a single important feature (diff1) or if there are two important features (diff2) for the occupational group. The Rsquared value shows if the model for the occupational group does have a good fit.

summary_table %>% 
  group_by(ssyk) %>% 
  group_by(ssyk) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(diff1 = importance.05[1] / importance[2]) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(diff2 = importance.05[2] / importance[3]) %>% 
  left_join(cor_table, by = c("ssyk", "feature")) %>% 
  left_join(sp_table %>% spread(model, coef), by=c("ssyk")) %>% 
  left_join(rmse_table, by=c("ssyk")) %>% 
  dplyr::select(ssyk, feature, importance, importance.05, diff1, diff2, Rsquared) %>%
  knitr::kable( 
     booktabs = TRUE,
     caption = 'Feature values for different occupation groups')
Table 2: Feature values for different occupation groups
ssyk feature importance importance.05 diff1 diff2 Rsquared
123 Administration and planning managers eduquotient 3.8170179 3.2624044 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
123 Administration and planning managers sum_pop 3.2647844 2.6462447 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
123 Administration and planning managers salary 2.7150299 2.3345443 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
123 Administration and planning managers regioneduyears 2.5260824 2.1015060 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
123 Administration and planning managers salaryquotient 1.2063518 1.0434914 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
123 Administration and planning managers perc_women_region 1.1813452 1.0858792 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
123 Administration and planning managers year_n 1.0740710 1.0155535 0.9992710 0.9746650 0.5296568
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers regioneduyears 2.7494050 2.2970027 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers year_n 1.7235678 1.4984603 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers salary 1.5767613 1.4698417 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers sum_pop 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers perc_women_region 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers salaryquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
141 Primary and secondary schools and adult education managers eduquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.3327022 0.9503406 0.6950328
151 Health care managers salaryquotient 2.4538279 1.9290583 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
151 Health care managers regioneduyears 2.3832462 2.1362284 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
151 Health care managers salary 2.2979301 1.9260029 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
151 Health care managers eduquotient 2.2848362 1.7029592 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
151 Health care managers year_n 1.5379944 1.3579666 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
151 Health care managers sum_pop 1.3662380 1.1596424 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
151 Health care managers perc_women_region 1.0388730 1.0045578 0.8094247 0.9296316 0.5799653
153 Elderly care managers year_n 8.1559615 6.4775973 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
153 Elderly care managers salary 7.1000012 5.9284122 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
153 Elderly care managers perc_women_region 4.0411955 3.4263668 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
153 Elderly care managers salaryquotient 1.5390920 1.2329029 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
153 Elderly care managers sum_pop 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
153 Elderly care managers regioneduyears 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
153 Elderly care managers eduquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9123375 1.4669946 0.8177027
159 Other social services managers sum_pop 3.0725550 2.5099215 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
159 Other social services managers salary 3.0148243 2.6352584 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
159 Other social services managers regioneduyears 2.6474981 2.2659272 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
159 Other social services managers eduquotient 2.1941589 1.9031203 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
159 Other social services managers year_n 1.7175697 1.4021163 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
159 Other social services managers salaryquotient 1.5834901 1.3638281 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
159 Other social services managers perc_women_region 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.8325266 0.9953769 0.7325679
211 Physicists and chemists eduquotient 3.1793564 2.4217960 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
211 Physicists and chemists perc_women_region 2.9648004 2.4885379 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
211 Physicists and chemists year_n 1.6857326 1.4429244 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
211 Physicists and chemists regioneduyears 1.6402704 1.3256462 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
211 Physicists and chemists sum_pop 1.5988744 1.2158115 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
211 Physicists and chemists salary 1.5727207 1.3608653 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
211 Physicists and chemists salaryquotient 1.3311748 1.0615814 0.8168496 1.4762352 0.7777887
214 Engineering professionals sum_pop 3.2085990 2.5852735 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
214 Engineering professionals regioneduyears 2.4345690 2.0768022 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
214 Engineering professionals eduquotient 1.8735109 1.5486497 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
214 Engineering professionals salary 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
214 Engineering professionals year_n 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
214 Engineering professionals perc_women_region 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
214 Engineering professionals salaryquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0619019 1.1085082 0.8501315
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection year_n 1.1998968 1.0271753 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection sum_pop 1.1022064 1.0204712 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection salary 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection regioneduyears 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection perc_women_region 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection salaryquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
218 Specialists within environmental and health protection eduquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.9319265 1.0204712 0.2072889
221 Medical doctors regioneduyears 3.2538623 2.7126722 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
221 Medical doctors eduquotient 1.6115981 1.4986615 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
221 Medical doctors perc_women_region 1.4887473 1.3049164 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
221 Medical doctors sum_pop 1.0890646 1.0519492 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
221 Medical doctors salaryquotient 1.0136252 0.9725422 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
221 Medical doctors salary 1.0079123 0.9912346 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
221 Medical doctors year_n 0.9691336 0.9264889 1.6832188 1.0066594 0.7935628
222 Nursing professionals perc_women_region 1.3570281 1.2297860 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
222 Nursing professionals salaryquotient 1.0601688 0.9943949 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
222 Nursing professionals eduquotient 1.0208028 0.9745776 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
222 Nursing professionals year_n 1.0058709 0.9866984 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
222 Nursing professionals sum_pop 1.0015554 0.9908744 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
222 Nursing professionals salary 0.9999898 0.9996937 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
222 Nursing professionals regioneduyears 0.9991395 0.9967976 1.1599907 0.9741302 0.2680452
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) perc_women_region 1.7410583 1.4227133 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) eduquotient 1.6629455 1.4414067 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) sum_pop 1.4525648 1.3870921 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) salaryquotient 1.2526913 1.1340334 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) year_n 1.1251733 1.0377315 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) regioneduyears 1.0772452 0.9979456 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
223 Nursing professionals (cont.) salary 1.0064257 0.9699734 0.8555381 0.9923183 0.6124752
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists year_n 3.3148421 2.8516422 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists salary 2.2173875 1.9400838 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists eduquotient 1.3119435 1.1242123 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists regioneduyears 1.3023137 1.1403014 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists salaryquotient 1.0993687 0.9919804 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists perc_women_region 1.0570268 0.9703933 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists sum_pop 0.9923096 0.9587380 1.2860370 1.4787861 0.5424810
231 University and higher education teachers perc_women_region 6.9035680 6.1896016 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
231 University and higher education teachers year_n 5.8015553 4.8319783 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
231 University and higher education teachers salary 5.7843576 4.9118836 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
231 University and higher education teachers sum_pop 4.2107594 3.2672779 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
231 University and higher education teachers eduquotient 3.6947346 3.1285856 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
231 University and higher education teachers regioneduyears 2.8014376 2.4699874 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
231 University and higher education teachers salaryquotient 1.7814310 1.4686631 1.0668866 0.8353526 0.9357939
232 Vocational education teachers perc_women_region 5.8995689 4.5458286 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
232 Vocational education teachers salary 5.3567644 4.4992796 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
232 Vocational education teachers regioneduyears 4.5301682 4.0344389 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
232 Vocational education teachers year_n 2.5787996 2.2283684 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
232 Vocational education teachers eduquotient 1.9948566 1.7227708 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
232 Vocational education teachers salaryquotient 1.7484881 1.4137498 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
232 Vocational education teachers sum_pop 1.1795101 1.0464747 0.8486146 0.9931816 0.9152722
233 Secondary education teachers year_n 1.7519346 1.5963138 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
233 Secondary education teachers salary 1.6187667 1.3647524 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
233 Secondary education teachers perc_women_region 1.5511308 1.3237125 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
233 Secondary education teachers eduquotient 1.4901622 1.3515191 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
233 Secondary education teachers regioneduyears 1.1340296 1.0608823 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
233 Secondary education teachers sum_pop 1.1115054 1.0431384 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
233 Secondary education teachers salaryquotient 1.0011883 0.9739857 0.9861296 0.8798435 0.2711955
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers regioneduyears 2.6651473 2.3148568 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers eduquotient 2.1393570 1.8980735 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers sum_pop 2.0200119 1.7615651 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers year_n 1.9879886 1.7570799 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers salaryquotient 1.5711047 1.3697916 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers salary 1.5376109 1.3834061 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
234 Primary- and pre-school teachers perc_women_region 1.0541899 1.0163654 1.0820339 0.9396348 0.7919968
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified eduquotient 3.4752946 3.1173913 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified perc_women_region 2.6938664 2.2359223 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified year_n 2.2200482 1.9098982 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified salaryquotient 1.8916217 1.6391206 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified regioneduyears 1.3369762 1.1453482 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified sum_pop 1.0086567 0.9599072 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
235 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified salary 1.0045400 0.9954951 1.1572182 1.0071504 0.7038429
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers perc_women_region 2.7081423 2.2326348 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers eduquotient 2.6387410 2.1737040 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers year_n 1.9907387 1.5693998 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers salary 1.4932763 1.3223917 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers regioneduyears 1.3933309 1.2289757 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers salaryquotient 1.0962361 1.0154278 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
241 Accountants, financial analysts and fund managers sum_pop 0.9995289 0.9973319 0.8460985 1.0919083 0.7445476
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists salary 4.1453246 3.4636361 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists perc_women_region 2.3108772 1.9737256 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists year_n 1.8930927 1.6469206 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists regioneduyears 1.8639424 1.6551601 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists eduquotient 1.3041251 1.2098787 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists sum_pop 1.0982455 1.0016594 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
242 Organisation analysts, policy administrators and human resource specialists salaryquotient 1.0559543 0.9813767 1.4988404 1.0425932 0.6524219
243 Marketing and public relations professionals sum_pop 4.9569245 3.9496983 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
243 Marketing and public relations professionals regioneduyears 3.5244578 2.8349264 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
243 Marketing and public relations professionals salary 3.0182422 2.2538137 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
243 Marketing and public relations professionals eduquotient 2.6524352 1.9742342 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
243 Marketing and public relations professionals year_n 1.7174528 1.4543276 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
243 Marketing and public relations professionals salaryquotient 1.4552259 1.2338961 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
243 Marketing and public relations professionals perc_women_region 1.3152657 1.1626737 1.1206542 0.9392641 0.6445752
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers perc_women_region 2.7358787 2.5568847 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers salary 2.6834131 2.1391217 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers year_n 1.7944318 1.5618951 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers eduquotient 1.0100090 1.0001357 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers sum_pop 1.0047852 1.0012175 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers salaryquotient 0.9996955 0.9963383 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
251 ICT architects, systems analysts and test managers regioneduyears 0.9930233 0.9888326 0.9528479 1.1920886 0.4818438
261 Legal professionals salary 4.7549424 3.8162165 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
261 Legal professionals sum_pop 4.5153896 3.1719595 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
261 Legal professionals perc_women_region 2.8779023 2.5745840 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
261 Legal professionals year_n 2.6379752 2.2504586 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
261 Legal professionals regioneduyears 2.5557708 2.1184918 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
261 Legal professionals eduquotient 2.0561141 1.7014956 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
261 Legal professionals salaryquotient 1.4548882 1.2819586 0.8451578 1.1021776 0.7483456
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals sum_pop 3.3548098 2.4968169 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals eduquotient 3.2871165 2.5885880 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals perc_women_region 3.1995277 2.8162677 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals salary 1.9883411 1.6716447 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals regioneduyears 1.4723407 1.3110794 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals year_n 1.1910891 1.1044098 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
262 Museum curators and librarians and related professionals salaryquotient 1.0596886 0.9983240 0.7595766 0.8090532 0.7594220
266 Social work and counselling professionals year_n 2.0699805 1.8890549 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
266 Social work and counselling professionals regioneduyears 1.4316296 1.1948843 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
266 Social work and counselling professionals perc_women_region 1.2981716 1.0993452 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
266 Social work and counselling professionals sum_pop 1.2974744 1.1788171 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
266 Social work and counselling professionals salaryquotient 1.0015134 0.9980390 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
266 Social work and counselling professionals eduquotient 1.0004463 0.9980253 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
266 Social work and counselling professionals salary 1.0002662 0.9921359 1.3195137 0.9204363 0.6423319
311 Physical and engineering science technicians perc_women_region 2.8239037 2.3308712 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
311 Physical and engineering science technicians year_n 1.9223788 1.6234583 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
311 Physical and engineering science technicians salary 1.4677678 1.2914193 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
311 Physical and engineering science technicians salaryquotient 1.0353719 0.9889612 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
311 Physical and engineering science technicians eduquotient 1.0236570 0.9963231 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
311 Physical and engineering science technicians sum_pop 1.0233421 0.9919135 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
311 Physical and engineering science technicians regioneduyears 1.0116614 0.9855591 1.2124932 1.1060730 0.6129610
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals eduquotient 3.7511968 3.2140254 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals perc_women_region 2.3104035 1.9925122 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals salary 2.1318431 1.8521291 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals sum_pop 1.4214195 1.2916594 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals salaryquotient 1.3864519 1.1803667 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals regioneduyears 1.0725493 1.0231476 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
331 Financial and accounting associate professionals year_n 1.0156559 0.9924611 1.3911100 0.9346430 0.6495278
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents perc_women_region 3.8010119 3.0275822 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents sum_pop 1.9232262 1.7322825 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents salaryquotient 1.2847360 1.1413503 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents year_n 1.2196519 1.0707646 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents salary 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents regioneduyears 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents eduquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.5742205 1.3483567 0.7642041
333 Business services agents regioneduyears 3.1945994 2.5604487 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
333 Business services agents eduquotient 1.8082963 1.4856024 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
333 Business services agents year_n 1.4258221 1.1847659 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
333 Business services agents sum_pop 1.1998397 1.0205232 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
333 Business services agents salaryquotient 1.0691040 1.0183061 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
333 Business services agents perc_women_region 1.0376611 0.9739336 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
333 Business services agents salary 1.0005005 0.9973068 1.4159454 1.0419269 0.4301719
335 Tax and related government associate professionals eduquotient 4.1013441 3.4857810 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
335 Tax and related government associate professionals sum_pop 2.8625809 2.6778006 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
335 Tax and related government associate professionals perc_women_region 2.2754185 1.9606631 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
335 Tax and related government associate professionals salary 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
335 Tax and related government associate professionals year_n 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
335 Tax and related government associate professionals regioneduyears 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
335 Tax and related government associate professionals salaryquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.2177057 1.1768387 0.7469849
336 Police officers eduquotient 6.6149010 5.4101856 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
336 Police officers sum_pop 3.9256356 3.1250520 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
336 Police officers salary 3.3231673 2.8227248 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
336 Police officers regioneduyears 3.2344097 2.8043712 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
336 Police officers perc_women_region 2.0402484 1.7876511 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
336 Police officers year_n 1.8543180 1.6559515 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
336 Police officers salaryquotient 1.1808364 1.0825015 1.3781681 0.9403836 0.6720628
411 Office assistants and other secretaries perc_women_region 2.1872367 1.7804951 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
411 Office assistants and other secretaries sum_pop 2.1534202 1.8012277 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
411 Office assistants and other secretaries salary 1.9110349 1.5828173 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
411 Office assistants and other secretaries year_n 1.3145981 1.1258907 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
411 Office assistants and other secretaries salaryquotient 1.1366153 1.0368470 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
411 Office assistants and other secretaries regioneduyears 1.1011724 1.0330416 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
411 Office assistants and other secretaries eduquotient 1.0150045 0.9988372 0.8268219 0.9425405 0.5768773
422 Client information clerks sum_pop 2.2556210 2.0199751 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
422 Client information clerks regioneduyears 1.8175038 1.6419553 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
422 Client information clerks salaryquotient 1.2706638 1.1570272 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
422 Client information clerks salary 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
422 Client information clerks year_n 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
422 Client information clerks perc_women_region 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
422 Client information clerks eduquotient 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.1114007 1.2922028 0.5754468
532 Personal care workers in health services regioneduyears 6.6360229 5.5777322 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
532 Personal care workers in health services eduquotient 3.4609960 2.8222051 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
532 Personal care workers in health services salary 3.2162205 2.7855818 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
532 Personal care workers in health services year_n 2.1602674 1.8489474 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
532 Personal care workers in health services sum_pop 1.2635892 1.1422356 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
532 Personal care workers in health services salaryquotient 1.0352898 0.9386980 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
532 Personal care workers in health services perc_women_region 0.9978554 0.9931738 1.6115974 0.8774912 0.8998367
533 Health care assistants regioneduyears 5.8197354 4.7731043 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
533 Health care assistants eduquotient 3.5563562 3.0151663 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
533 Health care assistants year_n 2.5253877 2.3079860 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
533 Health care assistants sum_pop 1.6773638 1.3046246 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
533 Health care assistants salary 1.6134876 1.4965381 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
533 Health care assistants perc_women_region 1.3948836 1.1740007 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
533 Health care assistants salaryquotient 1.3923600 1.1347137 1.3421333 1.1939419 0.9165128
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers salary 3.5389050 3.1870397 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers year_n 3.2981057 2.6457771 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers regioneduyears 2.7292856 2.3165318 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers sum_pop 2.2153663 1.9380926 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers eduquotient 2.1263593 1.8101511 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers perc_women_region 1.5857830 1.4075435 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
534 Attendants, personal assistants and related workers salaryquotient 1.0341103 0.9911844 0.9663243 0.9694028 0.6206695
541 Other surveillance and security workers salary 4.7774908 4.1261786 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
541 Other surveillance and security workers perc_women_region 4.0335443 3.0521977 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
541 Other surveillance and security workers year_n 3.5765135 2.9675823 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
541 Other surveillance and security workers eduquotient 2.0845999 1.6709589 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
541 Other surveillance and security workers sum_pop 1.8146068 1.5619745 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
541 Other surveillance and security workers regioneduyears 1.0411189 0.9862411 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
541 Other surveillance and security workers salaryquotient 1.0341765 0.9505941 1.0229660 0.8534003 0.6723747
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers sum_pop 2.7464002 2.2523244 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers perc_women_region 1.9342434 1.6159634 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers regioneduyears 1.8331599 1.5608802 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers salary 1.6450591 1.3684304 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers eduquotient 1.2975906 1.1453299 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers salaryquotient 1.0911504 1.0023219 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
962 Newspaper distributors, janitors and other service workers year_n 1.0074452 0.9471405 1.1644473 0.8815180 0.7418281
134 Architectural and engineering managers salary 6.6628692 5.5853307 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
134 Architectural and engineering managers eduquotient 5.9755676 4.7127798 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
134 Architectural and engineering managers regioneduyears 5.7463923 4.7283129 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
134 Architectural and engineering managers perc_women_region 2.1729423 1.7202449 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
134 Architectural and engineering managers salaryquotient 1.7104284 1.4330406 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
134 Architectural and engineering managers sum_pop 1.5720877 1.3353975 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
134 Architectural and engineering managers year_n 1.3342337 1.0743796 0.9346946 0.8201284 0.9151922
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians sum_pop 2.7792282 2.4396571 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians salaryquotient 1.7995439 1.5614282 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians regioneduyears 1.6676655 1.4757725 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians salary 1.6228142 1.3713812 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians perc_women_region 1.2073206 1.1181762 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians year_n 1.1558014 1.0202584 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians eduquotient 1.0268559 0.9480420 1.3557086 0.9362958 0.4082033
351 ICT operations and user support technicians perc_women_region 2.3485720 1.9425995 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
351 ICT operations and user support technicians sum_pop 2.1058989 1.8259434 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
351 ICT operations and user support technicians regioneduyears 1.3109310 1.1486190 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
351 ICT operations and user support technicians salaryquotient 1.1923807 1.0975135 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
351 ICT operations and user support technicians eduquotient 1.1053954 0.9764972 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
351 ICT operations and user support technicians year_n 1.0054393 0.9660905 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
351 ICT operations and user support technicians salary 0.9995223 0.9843242 0.9224562 1.3928600 0.2801627
432 Stores and transport clerks sum_pop 5.3245183 4.2675746 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
432 Stores and transport clerks regioneduyears 2.2418584 1.8267779 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
432 Stores and transport clerks perc_women_region 1.8666360 1.5362588 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
432 Stores and transport clerks salaryquotient 1.6103759 1.3880391 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
432 Stores and transport clerks eduquotient 1.4745504 1.2612910 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
432 Stores and transport clerks year_n 1.1201795 0.9753529 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
432 Stores and transport clerks salary 1.1088593 0.9673804 1.9035879 0.9786471 0.7755035
531 Child care workers and teachers aides perc_women_region 2.2875316 1.9727938 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
531 Child care workers and teachers aides year_n 2.2554913 1.9691707 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
531 Child care workers and teachers aides salary 1.9074879 1.6568279 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
531 Child care workers and teachers aides sum_pop 1.7777613 1.5135123 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
531 Child care workers and teachers aides regioneduyears 1.6700858 1.5224323 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
531 Child care workers and teachers aides eduquotient 1.6139928 1.4242386 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
531 Child care workers and teachers aides salaryquotient 1.0492472 0.9970015 0.8746626 1.0323371 0.4740983
819 Process control technicians eduquotient 2.0817719 1.7942830 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
819 Process control technicians year_n 1.5346389 1.2918349 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
819 Process control technicians salaryquotient 1.4717173 1.3207021 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
819 Process control technicians perc_women_region 1.0716159 0.9923244 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
819 Process control technicians regioneduyears 1.0646529 1.0173561 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
819 Process control technicians salary 1.0537050 0.9954603 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
819 Process control technicians sum_pop 0.9959705 0.9677651 1.1691890 0.8777738 0.4932349
821 Assemblers regioneduyears 15.1386847 12.3171157 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313
821 Assemblers sum_pop 9.2884888 6.7454161 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313
821 Assemblers perc_women_region 8.1006984 6.2366514 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313
821 Assemblers year_n 5.1637791 4.0079990 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313
821 Assemblers salaryquotient 1.5702498 1.3980286 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313
821 Assemblers salary 1.3401459 1.1613060 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313
821 Assemblers eduquotient 1.2776958 1.0033735 1.3260624 0.8326956 0.8026313

The sum of the per cent that the model was used by the SuperLearner analysing the different occupational groups.

sp_table %>%
  ggplot (aes(coef, model)) +  
    geom_col ()  
The sum of the per cent that the model was used by the SuperLearner

Figure 1: The sum of the per cent that the model was used by the SuperLearner

The sum of the strongest feature for every occupational group.

summary_table %>% 
  arrange(desc(importance)) %>% 
  group_by(ssyk) %>% 
  slice(1) %>%
  ggplot (aes(importance, feature)) +  
    geom_col () 
The sum of the strongest feature for every occupational group

Figure 2: The sum of the strongest feature for every occupational group

Let’s see what we have found. First, check the occupation groups with a single feature that is significantly stronger than all other features. Linear models will not be suitable for all occupational groups implying that the model will not have a high R squared value.

A strong signal, the average number of education years in the region, Personal care workers in health services

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "532 Personal care workers in health services")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ regioneduyears, weights = suming, data = temp)

temp %>%
  ggplot () +  
    geom_jitter (mapping = aes(x = regioneduyears, y = perc_women_eng_region, colour = suming)) +
    geom_abline (slope = model$coefficients[2], intercept = model$coefficients[1])  +
    labs(
      x = "Education years",
      y = "Per cent of women in the occupation"
    )
Personal care workers in health services, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 3: Personal care workers in health services, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.7732263
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##                Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## regioneduyears  1 315.573 315.573  133.98 5.039e-14 ***
## Residuals      38  89.506   2.355                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##       RMSE   Rsquared        MAE 
## 0.01225219 0.69069055 0.01023249

A strong signal, the average number of education years in the region, Medical doctors

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "221 Medical doctors")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ regioneduyears, weights = suming, data = temp)

temp %>%
  ggplot () +  
    geom_jitter (mapping = aes(x = regioneduyears, y = perc_women_eng_region, colour = suming)) +
    geom_abline(slope = model$coefficients[2], intercept = model$coefficients[1]) +
    labs(
      x = "Education years",
      y = "Per cent of women in the occupation"
    )
Medical doctors, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 4: Medical doctors, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.8057127
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##                Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## regioneduyears  1 164.765 164.765  154.44 1.385e-14 ***
## Residuals      36  38.407   1.067                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##       RMSE   Rsquared        MAE 
## 0.01683530 0.72088034 0.01385548

A strong signal, the per cent women in the region, Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ perc_women_region, weights = suming, data = temp)

temp %>%
  ggplot () +  
    geom_jitter (mapping = aes(x = perc_women_region, y = perc_women_eng_region, colour = suming)) +
    geom_abline(slope = model$coefficients[2], intercept = model$coefficients[1]) +
    labs(
      x = "Per cent of women in the region",
      y = "Per cent of women in the occupation"
    )
Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 5: Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.6283407
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## perc_women_region  1 529.66  529.66  56.791 1.395e-08 ***
## Residuals         32 298.45    9.33                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##       RMSE   Rsquared        MAE 
## 0.02935038 0.49206133 0.02250770

Two strong signals, population size in the region and the average number of education years in the region, Engineering professionals

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "214 Engineering professionals")

s3d <- scatterplot3d(
  temp$sum_pop, 
  temp$regioneduyears, 
  temp$perc_women_eng_region,
  type = "h", 
  color = "blue", 
  xlab = "Population in region",
  ylab = "Education years",
  zlab = "Per cent of women in the occupation")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ sum_pop + regioneduyears, weights = suming, data = temp)

s3d$plane3d(model)
Engineering professionals, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 6: Engineering professionals, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.8121964
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##                Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## sum_pop         1 255.902 255.902 144.321 5.673e-14 ***
## regioneduyears  1  31.373  31.373  17.693 0.0001712 ***
## Residuals      35  62.060   1.773                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##        RMSE    Rsquared         MAE 
## 0.012229213 0.835386966 0.009935413

Two strong signals, population size in the region and the per cent women in the region, Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "332 Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents")

s3d <- scatterplot3d(
  temp$sum_pop, 
  temp$perc_women_region, 
  temp$perc_women_eng_region,
  type = "h", 
  color = "blue", 
  xlab = "Population in region",
  ylab = "Per cent of women in the region",
  zlab = "Per cent of women in the occupation")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ sum_pop + perc_women_region, weights = suming, data = temp)

s3d$plane3d(model)
Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 7: Insurance advisers, sales and purchasing agents, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.6525952
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## sum_pop            1 263.40 263.403  30.214 5.168e-06 ***
## perc_women_region  1 294.45 294.455  33.776 2.099e-06 ***
## Residuals         31 270.25   8.718                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##       RMSE   Rsquared        MAE 
## 0.02638844 0.57325855 0.02034915

Two strong signals, year and the per cent women in the region, Physical and engineering science technicians

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "311 Physical and engineering science technicians")

s3d <- scatterplot3d(
  temp$year_n, 
  temp$perc_women_region, 
  temp$perc_women_eng_region, 
  type = "h", 
  color = "blue", 
  xlab = "Year",
  ylab = "Per cent of women in the region",
  zlab = "Per cent of women in the occupation")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ year_n + perc_women_region, weights = suming, data = temp)

s3d$plane3d(model)
Physical and engineering science technicians, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 8: Physical and engineering science technicians, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.5373011
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## year_n             1  32.63  32.630  7.6503  0.009621 ** 
## perc_women_region  1 134.39 134.393 31.5091 4.127e-06 ***
## Residuals         30 127.96   4.265                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##       RMSE   Rsquared        MAE 
## 0.01695193 0.59082239 0.01266243

Two strong signals, year and salary, Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists

temp <- filter(tb_unique, `occuptional  (SSYK 2012)` == "227 Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists")

s3d <- scatterplot3d(
  temp$year_n, 
  temp$salary, 
  temp$perc_women_eng_region, 
  type = "h", 
  color = "blue", 
  xlab = "Year",
  ylab = "Salary",
  zlab = "Per cent of women in the occupation")

model <- lm(perc_women_eng_region ~ year_n + salary, weights = suming, data = temp)

s3d$plane3d(model)
Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, Year 2014 - 2018

Figure 9: Naprapaths, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, Year 2014 - 2018

summary(model)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.5269917
anova(model)
## Analysis of Variance Table
## 
## Response: perc_women_eng_region
##           Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value    Pr(>F)    
## year_n     1 5.8240  5.8240  16.077 0.0005492 ***
## salary     1 4.9902  4.9902  13.776 0.0011481 ** 
## Residuals 23 8.3317  0.3622                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
postResample(pred = predict(model), obs = temp$perc_women_eng_region)
##       RMSE   Rsquared        MAE 
## 0.01261698 0.46523146 0.01003402

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