Last week (in the MAT8181 course) in order to identify the orders of an ARMA process, we’ve seen the eacf method, and I mentioned the scan method, introduced in Tsay and Tiao (1985). The code below – to produce the output of the scan procedure – has been adapted from an old code by Steve Chen (where I included a visualization of the p-values, with the following colors)

The procedure was described in the course, last Thursday,

arma.scan=function(z,ar.max=15,ma.max=15,alpha=0.01)
{
  ym=function(z,t,m){return(z[t:(t-m)])}
  n=length(z)
  z=z - mean(z)
  cmax=ma.max + 1
  rmax=ar.max + 1
  corref=matrix(0,nrow=rmax,ncol=cmax)
  cmj.table=matrix(0,nrow=rmax,ncol=cmax)
  pv=matrix(0,nrow=rmax,ncol=cmax)
  mark=matrix(rep("X",(rmax)*(cmax)),nrow=rmax,ncol=cmax)
  Rnames=paste("AR",0:(ar.max),sep="-")
  Cnames=paste("MA",0:(ma.max),sep="-")
  rownames(corref)=Rnames
  colnames(corref)=Cnames
  rownames(cmj.table)=Rnames
  colnames(cmj.table)=Cnames
  rownames(pv)=Rnames
  colnames(pv)=Cnames
  rownames(mark)=Rnames
  colnames(mark)=Cnames
  for (m in 0:ar.max)
  {
   m1=m+1
   for (j in 0:ma.max)
   {
   j1=j+1 
   if (m == 0 && j != 0)  
   {
      racf=acf(z,plot=FALSE)$acf[1:(j+1)]    
      lamb=racf[j+1]^2    
      corref[m1,j]=round(lamb,4)
      dmj=1 + 2*sum(racf[1:j]^2)
      cmj=-1*(n-m-j)*log(1.0 - lamb/dmj)
      pvalue =pchisq(cmj,1,lower.tail=FALSE)
      pv[m1,j]=round(pvalue,4)
      cmj.table[m1,j]=round(cmj,4)
      mark[m1,j]=ifelse(pvalue > alpha,"O","X")    
    } 
    else if (m != 0 && j == 0) 
    {
      racf=pacf(z,plot=FALSE)$acf[1:(m+1)]
      lamb=racf[m+1]^2
      corref[m1,j1]=round(lamb,4)
      dmj = 1
      cmj=-1*(n-m-j)*log(1.0 - lamb/dmj)    
      pvalue =pchisq(cmj,1,lower.tail=FALSE)
      pv[m1,j1]=round(pvalue,4)
      cmj.table[m1,j1]=round(cmj,4)    
      mark[m1,j1]=ifelse(pvalue > alpha,"O","X")
    } 
    else
    {        
      mat1=matrix(0,nrow=m1,ncol=m1)
      mat2=matrix(0,nrow=m1,ncol=m1) 
      mat3=matrix(0,nrow=m1,ncol=m1)
      mat4=matrix(0,nrow=m1,ncol=m1)     
      for (t in (j+m+2):n)
      {
         tj1=t-j-1
         ym1=ym(z,tj1,m)
         ym2=ym(z,t,m)    

         mat1=mat1 + as.matrix(ym1)%*%ym1    
         mat2=mat2 + as.matrix(ym1)%*%ym2    
         mat3=mat3 + as.matrix(ym2)%*%ym2    
         mat4=mat4 + as.matrix(ym2)%*%ym1                
      }  
      b1=solve(mat1)%*%mat2
      b2=solve(mat3)%*%mat4
      A=b2%*%b1
      eig <-eigen(A)
      eig.val <-eig$values
      eig.val=Re(eig.val)
      eig.len=length(eig.val)
      eig.vector=eig$vectors
      lamb=min(eig.val)
      eig.vector0=eig.vector[,which.min(eig.val)]
      eig.vector0 = eig.vector0/eig.vector0[1]
      resid=(1:n)*0 
      for (t in (j+m+1):n)
      {
        z0=z[seq(t,t-m,-1)]      
        resid[t]=sum(z0 * eig.vector0)
      } 
      jm1=j + m + 1
      rx=Re(resid[jm1:n])
      racf=acf(rx,plot=FALSE)$acf[1:j]
      dmj=1 + 2*sum(racf^2)
      cmj=-1*(n-m-j)*log(1.0 - lamb/dmj)     
      pvalue =pchisq(cmj,df=1,lower.tail=FALSE)
      corref[m1,j1]=round(lamb,4)     
      pv[m1,j1]=round(pvalue,4)
      cmj.table[m1,j1]=round(cmj,4)    
      mark[m1,j1]=ifelse(pvalue > alpha,"O","X")
    }
   } 
  } 

  cat("\n\nSCAN: Smallest CANonical Correlation Method for ARIMA(p,d,q)\n\n")
  cat("Estimates of Squared Canonical Correlation \n\n")
  print(corref)
  cat("\n\nC(m,j)\n\n")
  print(cmj.table)
  cat("\n\nChi-Square(1) Test p-value\n\n")
  print(pv)
  cat("\nSCAN Matrix \n\n")
  print(mark)

plot(0:1,0:1,col="white",xlim=c(0,nrow(pv)-1),ylim=c(0,ncol(pv)-1),axes=FALSE,xlab="AR",ylab="MA")
axis(1); axis(2)
library(RColorBrewer)
CL=brewer.pal(6, "RdBu")[c language="(1,2,3,5)"][/c]
cpv=matrix(as.numeric(cut(as.vector(pv),c(-1,.01,.05,.1,2))),nrow(pv),ncol(pv))
for(i in 1:nrow(pv)){
for(j in 1:ncol(pv)){
 polygon(c(i-1,i-1,i,i)-.5,c(j-1,j,j,j-1)-.5,
 col=CL[cpv[i,j]])
}}
}

Consider the following simulated time series,

> s=arima.sim(n=200,model=list(ar=c(0,0,0,.4,0,0,0,.5),ma=c(0,0,1))) 
> plot(s,type="l")

The output is here

> arma.scan(s,6,6)

SCAN: Smallest CANonical Correlation Method for ARIMA(p,d,q)

Estimates of Squared Canonical Correlation 

       MA-0   MA-1   MA-2   MA-3   MA-4   MA-5   MA-6
AR-0 0.0614 0.0104 0.1862 0.3516 0.0971 0.0128 0.0000
AR-1 0.0302 0.0294 0.1501 0.0943 0.0855 0.0127 0.0385
AR-2 0.3070 0.2781 0.2140 0.0006 0.1589 0.1884 0.2243
AR-3 0.1627 0.0037 0.1927 0.2311 0.1379 0.0207 0.0376
AR-4 0.2087 0.3947 0.3653 0.3075 0.1502 0.1364 0.1013
AR-5 0.1677 0.1219 0.0110 0.0263 0.0332 0.0350 0.0044
AR-6 0.0114 0.0485 0.0561 0.0427 0.0009 0.0089 0.0308

C(m,j)

        MA-0    MA-1    MA-2    MA-3   MA-4   MA-5    MA-6
AR-0  4.1161  0.6585 12.0315 20.6512 4.5388 0.5620  0.0000
AR-1  6.1127  1.9499  9.9356  4.9145 4.7219 0.4642  1.9015
AR-2 72.6011 19.1679 14.3512  0.0337 7.9668 9.6479 11.4573
AR-3 34.9724  0.2386 10.1620 13.4082 6.7875 0.8725  1.4071
AR-4 45.8691 27.5070 19.1422 20.2835 7.3339 5.5374  3.5874
AR-5 35.7981  8.0498  0.6280  1.3543 1.8470 1.7930  0.2338
AR-6  2.2147  3.1466  3.5990  1.9904 0.0511 0.4816  1.6440

Chi-Square(1) Test p-value

       MA-0   MA-1   MA-2   MA-3   MA-4   MA-5   MA-6
AR-0 0.0425 0.4171 0.0005 0.0000 0.0331 0.4534 0.0000
AR-1 0.0134 0.1626 0.0016 0.0266 0.0298 0.4957 0.1679
AR-2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.8543 0.0048 0.0019 0.0007
AR-3 0.0000 0.6252 0.0014 0.0003 0.0092 0.3503 0.2355
AR-4 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0068 0.0186 0.0582
AR-5 0.0000 0.0046 0.4281 0.2445 0.1741 0.1806 0.6287
AR-6 0.1367 0.0761 0.0578 0.1583 0.8212 0.4877 0.1998

SCAN Matrix 

     MA-0 MA-1 MA-2 MA-3 MA-4 MA-5 MA-6
AR-0 "O"  "O"  "X"  "X"  "O"  "O"  "X" 
AR-1 "O"  "O"  "X"  "O"  "O"  "O"  "O" 
AR-2 "X"  "X"  "X"  "O"  "X"  "X"  "X" 
AR-3 "X"  "O"  "X"  "X"  "X"  "O"  "O" 
AR-4 "X"  "X"  "X"  "X"  "X"  "O"  "O" 
AR-5 "X"  "X"  "O"  "O"  "O"  "O"  "O" 
AR-6 "O"  "O"  "O"  "O"  "O"  "O"  "O"

with the following graph

Of course, it is possible to ask for larger values,

> arma.scan(s,12,12)

The graph is now