Electoral bonds data in charts
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Bonds worth ₹ 121 Billion purchase between Apr 2019 and Jan 2024
Data was downloaded from dataful. Rows without reference number or with status Expired are not considered in this analysis. Hence, there may be a variation between the numbers.of excluded data is available below
Code
highchart() |>
hc_chart(type = "sankey", inverted = FALSE) |>
hc_add_series(
data = list_parse(sankey.dat),
nodes = list_parse(nodes),
name = "Flow",
type = "sankey",
nodeWidth = 20,
linkOpacity = 0.5, # Make links semi-transparent
states = list(
hover = list(
linkOpacity = 0.8 # Increase opacity on hover
)
)
) |>
hc_plotOptions(
sankey = list(
nodePadding = 3,
curveFactor = 0.6,
colors = c("#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#2ca02c"), # Colors for nodes
linkColor = "#d3d3d3" # Default link color (can be rgba for transparency)
)
) |>
hc_title(
text = "Flow of Electoral Bonds",
align = "left",
style = list(
textDecoration = "underline",
color = "#333333",
fontWeight = "bold"
)
) |>
hc_subtitle(
text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
) |>
hc_tooltip(
formatter = JS("
function() {
var amount = this.point.weight;
// Check if it's a node (will have no 'weight' property)
if (typeof amount === 'undefined') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name + '</b>';
}
// For links
if (amount >= 1000000000) {
return '<b>' + this.point.from + '</b> to <b>' +
this.point.to + '</b>: ₹' +
(amount/1000000000).toFixed(2) + 'B';
} else {
return '<b>' + this.point.from + '</b> to <b>' +
this.point.to + '</b>: ₹' +
(amount/1000000).toFixed(2) + 'M';
}
}
")
) |>
hc_credits(
enabled = TRUE,
text = "Heteroscedasticity",
href = "https://asitavsen.com",
style = list(fontSize = "12px")
) |>
hc_add_theme(custom_theme) |>
hc_exporting(
enabled = TRUE,
filename = "ElectoralBondFlow"
)
86 % (₹ 105 B) of money went to 5 parties. 91 % (₹ 111 B) of money came from 5 states
Code
##| fig-width: 10
# Plot amount distribution by political party
plot_hc_pie_chart(
amount_by_party,
xval = "standardised_political_party_name",
yval = "total_amount",
series_name = "Amount",
theme = custom_theme,
title_text = "Amount by Political Party",
subtitle_text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024",
output_filename = "AmountByPoliticalParty"
)
# Plot amount distribution by state
plot_hc_pie_chart(
amount_by_state,
xval = "issue_branch_state",
yval = "total_amount",
series_name = "Amount",
theme = custom_theme,
title_text = "Amount by State",
output_filename = "AmountByState",
subtitle_text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
)
# Create and plot top purchasers chart
plot_hc_pie_chart(
rbind(
data.comb[, .(total_amount = sum(amount)),
by = .(standardised_purchaser_name)
][order(-total_amount)][1:20],
data.table(
standardised_purchaser_name = "Others",
total_amount = data.comb[, .(total_amount = sum(amount)),
by = .(standardised_purchaser_name)
][order(-total_amount)][21:.N, sum(total_amount)]
)
),
xval = "standardised_purchaser_name",
yval = "total_amount",
series_name = "Amount",
theme = custom_theme,
title_text = "Amount by Purchaser",
output_filename = "AmountByPurchaser",
subtitle_text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
)
>70% of Purchasers are organizations; contributed 96% amount
Code
# Calculate summary statistics
total_contribution <- sum(data.comb$amount)
total_purchasers <- uniqueN(data.comb$standardised_purchaser_name)
# Calculate organization vs individual statistics
org.ind <- data.comb[, .(
total_amount = sum(amount),
contribution_percent = round(100 * sum(amount) / total_contribution, 2),
purchasers = uniqueN(standardised_purchaser_name),
transactions = .N,
avg_contribution = sum(amount) / uniqueN(standardised_purchaser_name),
avg_transaction_val = sum(amount) / .N
), by = .(organisation_or_individual)]
org.ind.count <- unique(
data.comb[, .(organisation_or_individual, standardised_purchaser_name)]
)[, .(
N = .N,
count_percent = round(100 * .N / total_purchasers, 2)
), by = organisation_or_individual]
highchart() |>
hc_add_series(
org.ind,
"column",
hcaes(x = organisation_or_individual, y = total_amount),
name = "Purchase Amount",
dataLabels = list(enabled = TRUE, align = "right")
) |>
hc_add_series(
org.ind,
"pie",
hcaes(name = organisation_or_individual, y = contribution_percent),
name = "Share of Purchase",
dataLabels = list(enabled = TRUE, align = "right")
) |>
hc_plotOptions(
series = list(showInLegend = FALSE, colorByPoint = TRUE),
pie = list(
center = c("70%", "30%"),
size = 120,
dataLabels = list(enabled = FALSE)
)
) |>
hc_yAxis(title = list(text = "Purchase Amount (M)")) |>
hc_xAxis(categories = org.ind$organisation_or_individual) |>
hc_tooltip(
shared = FALSE,
useHTML = TRUE,
formatter = JS("
function() {
if (this.series.type === 'column') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name +
'</b>: ₹' +
(this.y / 1000000).toFixed(2) + ' M';
} else if (this.series.type === 'pie') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name + '</b>: ' +
this.y + '%';
}
}
")
) |>
hc_title(
text = "Purchase amount by Individuals and Organization",
align = "left",
style = list(
textDecoration = "underline",
color = "#333333",
fontWeight = "bold"
)
) |>
hc_subtitle(
text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
) |>
hc_credits(
enabled = TRUE,
text = "Heteroscedasticity",
href = "https://blog.asitavsen.com",
style = list(fontSize = "12px")
) |>
hc_add_theme(custom_theme) |>
hc_exporting(enabled = TRUE, filename = "OrgvsIndAmt")
Code
# Plot purchaser count distribution
highchart() |>
hc_add_series(
org.ind.count,
"column",
hcaes(x = organisation_or_individual, y = N),
name = "Number of Purchasers",
dataLabels = list(enabled = TRUE, align = "right")
) |>
hc_add_series(
org.ind.count,
"pie",
hcaes(name = organisation_or_individual, y = count_percent),
name = "Share of Purchasers",
dataLabels = list(enabled = TRUE, align = "right")
) |>
hc_plotOptions(
series = list(showInLegend = FALSE, colorByPoint = TRUE),
pie = list(
center = c("70%", "30%"),
size = 120,
dataLabels = list(enabled = FALSE)
)
) |>
hc_yAxis(title = list(text = "Number of Purchasers")) |>
hc_xAxis(categories = org.ind.count$organisation_or_individual) |>
hc_tooltip(
shared = FALSE,
useHTML = TRUE,
formatter = JS("
function() {
if (this.series.type === 'column') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name + '</b>: ' +
this.y + ' purchasers';
} else if (this.series.type === 'pie') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name + '</b>: ' +
this.y + '%';
}
}
")
) |>
hc_title(
text = "#Organizational vs Individual purchasers",
align = "left",
style = list(
textDecoration = "underline",
color = "#333333",
fontWeight = "bold"
)
) |>
hc_subtitle(
text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
) |>
hc_credits(
enabled = TRUE,
text = "Heteroscedasticity",
href = "https://blog.asitavsen.com",
style = list(fontSize = "12px")
) |>
hc_add_theme(custom_theme) |>
hc_exporting(enabled = TRUE, filename = "Purchasers")
Individuals
Highest encashment by BJP but INC had more purchasers (Individuals). Biggest purchase made by MS S N Mohanty (Encashed by Biju Janta Dal) followed by Lakshmi Niwas Mittal (Encashed by BJP). Most purchases (value) were made in Maharashtra.
Code
# Calculate individual party contributions and statistics
ind_party <- data.comb[
organisation_or_individual == "Individual",
.(
total_amount = sum(amount),
count = .N,
per_count = .N / sum(data.comb[organisation_or_individual == "Individual", .N])
),
by = standardised_political_party_name
][order(-total_amount)]
# Create combined column and pie chart
highchart() |>
hc_add_series(
ind_party,
"column",
hcaes(x = standardised_political_party_name, y = total_amount),
name = "Amount"
) |>
hc_add_series(
ind_party,
"pie",
hcaes(name = standardised_political_party_name, y = count),
name = "#Purchasers",
dataLabels = list(enabled = FALSE)
) |>
hc_plotOptions(
series = list(
showInLegend = FALSE,
colorByPoint = TRUE
),
pie = list(
center = c("75%", "25%"),
size = 120,
innerSize = "75%",
dataLabels = list(enabled = FALSE)
)
) |>
hc_yAxis(
title = list(text = "Total Purchase (in millions)"),
labels = list(
formatter = JS("function() { return (this.value / 1000000) + ' M'; }")
)
) |>
hc_xAxis(categories = ind_party$standardised_political_party_name) |>
hc_tooltip(
shared = FALSE,
useHTML = TRUE,
formatter = JS("
function() {
if (this.series.type === 'column') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name + '</b>: ₹' +
(this.y / 1000000).toFixed(2) + ' M';
} else if (this.series.type === 'pie') {
return '<b>' + this.point.name + '</b>: ' +
this.y + ' contributors';
}
}
")
) |>
hc_title(
text = "Electoral Bond Purchases by Organizations (Amount and Purchasers)",
align = "left",
style = list(
textDecoration = "underline",
color = "#333333",
fontWeight = "bold"
)
) |>
hc_subtitle(
text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
) |>
hc_credits(
enabled = TRUE,
text = "Heteroscedasticity",
href = "https://asitavsen.com",
style = list(fontSize = "12px")
) |>
hc_add_theme(custom_theme) |>
hc_exporting(
enabled = TRUE,
filename = "Individuals"
)
Code
# Calculate individual contributions and statistics by party
ind_amount_count_by_party <- data.comb[
organisation_or_individual == "Individual",
.(
total_amount = sum(amount),
count = uniqueN(standardised_purchaser_name),
avg = sum(amount) / uniqueN(standardised_purchaser_name)
),
by = standardised_political_party_name
][order(-avg)]
# Calculate individual contributions by party and purchaser
party_ind_top <- data.comb[
organisation_or_individual == "Individual",
.(total_amount = sum(amount)),
by = .(standardised_political_party_name, standardised_purchaser_name)
][, standardised_political_party_name := fct_other(
standardised_political_party_name,
keep = c(
"Indian National Congress",
"Bharatiya Janata Party",
"All India Trinamool Congress",
"Bharat Rashtra Samithi",
"Biju Janata Dal"
)
)]
# Get party order by total amount
party_order <- party_ind_top[
, .(range_diff = sum(total_amount)),
by = standardised_political_party_name
][order(-range_diff), standardised_political_party_name]
# Create scatter plot
highchart() |>
hc_add_series(
data = party_ind_top,
type = "scatter",
hcaes(
x = "standardised_political_party_name",
y = "total_amount",
group = "standardised_political_party_name"
)
) |>
hc_xAxis(
type = "category",
categories = party_order
) |>
hc_yAxis(
title = list(text = "Number of Contributors"),
labels = list(
formatter = JS("function() { return this.value / 1000000 + 'M'; }")
)
) |>
hc_title(
text = "Top individual purchasers by Party",
align = "left",
style = list(
textDecoration = "underline",
color = "#333333",
fontWeight = "bold"
)
) |>
hc_plotOptions(
scatter = list(
color = "red",
marker = list(
radius = 4,
symbol = "circle",
lineWidth = 1
),
jitter = list(x = .2, y = 0)
)
) |>
hc_legend(enabled = FALSE) |>
hc_tooltip(
formatter = JS("
function() {
return 'Purchaser: ' + this.point.standardised_purchaser_name +
'<br>Contribution: ₹' + (this.point.total_amount/1000000).toFixed(2) + 'M';
}
")
) |>
hc_subtitle(
text = "Electoral bond encashment between Apr 16, 2019 and Jan 24, 2024"
) |>
hc_credits(
enabled = TRUE,
text = "Heteroscedasticity",
href = "https://asitavsen.com",
style = list(fontSize = "12px")
) |>
hc_add_theme(custom_theme) |>
hc_exporting(
enabled = TRUE,
filename = "IndividualsTop"
)
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