Non-verbal Reasoning Test Construction – Part 1 Shape Creation

# R script

# I have been interested in developing a non-verbal reasoning test.  In the next few posts I will go through the cost I used to generate a little over 300 items.

# First I defined a number of transformations which I will
flip = function(z) z*-1

# Two commands to flip the images horizontally or vertically
hflip = function(Z) cbind(flip(Z[,1]), Z[,2])
vflip = function(Z) cbind(Z[,1], flip(Z[,2]))

# Commands to rotate the images 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise
rotateCC = function(Z) cbind(Z[,2], flip(Z[,1]))
rotateC = function(Z) -1*cbind(Z[,2], flip(Z[,1]))

# A command to rotate the coordinates 180
rotate180 = function(Z) Z*-1

# This command centers a vector so that the mean of all of the elements is zero 0
center = function(z) z-mean(c(min(z),max(z)))

# This function centers the matrix Z at zero for each column
Center = function(Z) cbind(center(Z[,1]),center(Z[,2]))
# This function scales and centers and object do that after centering the object the largest radius of any part of the object from the center is .5.
CenterScale = function(Z) Center(Z)/(2*max(abs(Center(Z))))

# This function makes the distance from any object from the 0,0 center to be unit 1 at the farthest point.
unitize = function(Z)  Z/max((Z[,1]^2+Z[,2]^2)^.5)

# This useful function samples i random draws without replacement from the vector V
rsample = function(V,i) V[order(runif(length(V)))][1:i]

# This function draws the coordinates for a polygon from the unit circle with number of sides equal to i.  If there is less than 3 sides specified then the number of sides is set to 50 making the polygon approximate a circle.
pgon = function(i, p=0, xscale=1) {
  if (i<3 i="50</p">  cbind(sin(pi*2*(1:i+p)/i)*xscale, cos(pi*2*(1:i+p)/i))/2
}

# This function draws a star with the number of points equal to i.
star = function(i, p=0) {
    pg1 = pgon(i,p)
    pg2 = pgon(i,.5+p) * .25

    pg = rbind(pg1[1,],pg2[1,])
 
    for (j in 2:i) pg = rbind(pg, pg1[j,],pg2[j,])
    pg
}

# This function draws a rectangle.  Speficy the rotation and it will construct the rectangle from around the unit circle.
rectangle = function(rad=.1) rbind(c(cos(rad),sin(rad)),
                                    c(-cos(rad),sin(rad)),
                                    c(-cos(rad),-sin(rad)),
                                    c(cos(rad),-sin(rad)))*.5

# This function will draw a cross.  Specify the starting location in the same manner as the rectangle.
cross = function(rad=.1) {
  S = cos(rad*pi)
  C = sin(rad*pi)
  sreturn= rbind(c(C,S),c(-C,S),c(-C,C),c(-S,C),c(-S,-C),c(-C,-C),
        c(-C,-S),c(C,-S),c(C,-C),c(S,-C),c(S,C),c(C,C))
  unitize(sreturn)*.5
  }

# Create a shape vector
shape_count=23
shape_vect = (1:23)[order(runif(shape_count))]
shape_vect = (1:23)

# Shape generating function
shape = function(shape_num=NA, sposition=c(0,0), size=1, dot=1, sdir=1) {
  sreturn=c(0,0)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[1])  sreturn = pgon(1)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[2])  sreturn = pgon(3)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[3])  sreturn = pgon(4)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[4])  sreturn = pgon(4,xscale=3)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[5])  sreturn = pgon(4,.5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[6])  sreturn = pgon(5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[7])  sreturn = pgon(6,.5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[8])  sreturn = pgon(7)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[9])  sreturn = pgon(8,.5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[10]) sreturn = star(3)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[11]) sreturn = star(4,.5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[12]) sreturn = star(5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[13]) sreturn = star(6,.5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[14]) sreturn = rectangle(.2)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[15]) sreturn = rectangle(1.8)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[16]) sreturn = cross(.075)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[17]) sreturn = cross(.4)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[18]) sreturn = pgon(1,xscale=.5)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[19]) sreturn = pgon(3,xscale=.3)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[20]) sreturn = pgon(3,xscale=3)
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[21]) {
                        sreturn = pgon(1)[pgon(1)[,2]<.1,]
                        sreturn = cbind(sreturn[,1],sreturn[,2]+.3)
                      }

  if (shape_num==shape_vect[22]) {
                        sreturn = pgon(1)[pgon(1)[,1]<.1,]
                        sreturn = cbind(sreturn[,1]+.3,sreturn[,2])
                      }
                   
   if (shape_num==shape_vect[22]) {
                        sreturn = pgon(1)[pgon(1)[,1]<0 p="">                        sreturn.reverse = sreturn[nrow(sreturn):1,]
                        sreturn.reverse[,1] = sreturn.reverse[,1]*.5
                        sreturn = rbind(sreturn,sreturn.reverse)
                        sreturn = cbind(sreturn[,1]+.3,sreturn[,2])
                      }                  
  if (shape_num==shape_vect[23]) {
                        sreturn = pgon(1)[(pgon(1)[,1]>=0)&(pgon(1)[,2]>=0),]
                        sreturn = rbind(sreturn,0)
                     
                        sreturn = cbind(sreturn[,1]-.2,sreturn[,2]-.2)
                      }

  sreturn = unitize(sreturn)*size
  if (dot==1) sreturn = rbind(sreturn, cbind(NA,NA), size*(pgon(1)*.1+.75))

  # Rotate
  if (sdir==2)  sreturn=rotateCC(sreturn)
  if (sdir==3)  sreturn=rotateC(sreturn)
  if (sdir==4)  sreturn=rotate180(sreturn)

  sreturn=cbind(sreturn[,1]+sposition[1],sreturn[,2]+sposition[2])

  sreturn
}

# Plot a complete list of all of the shapes
par(mfrow=c(1,1))
plot(c(-1,1),c(-1,1), type="n")
for (i in 1:shape_count) {
  polygon(shape(i, c(sin(i*2*pi/shape_count),cos(i*2*pi/shape_count))*.9,size=.11), col="red", border="black")
  text(sin(i*2*pi/shape_count)*.9,cos(i*2*pi/shape_count)*.9,i,cex=2)
  }
for (i in 1:shape_count) polygon(shape(i,size=.7))


# This is an example of the 23 shapes available to be generated from the above code.

# I hope someone finds it useful.  In the next post I will show how I used the generated shapes to generate a set of problems intended to provide a test for visual reasoning.

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