Adding watermarks to plots

May 22, 2012

(This article was first published on ggplot2, and kindly contributed to R-bloggers)

A question was raised today on the mailing list: Is there an easy way to add a watermark to a ggplot?

There are several options, depending on the type of watermark and the required level of control over the output,

add a text label using annotate (the original idea of the poster)
add a custom grob (graphical object from the Grid package), using annotation_custom

In either case, the placement of a watermark at an absolute location on the plot is greatly facilitated if you use +/- Inf values, which correspond to the extreme edges of the plot panel.

Here is an example with annotate

 library(ggplot2)
 library(grid)

 qplot(1:10, rnorm(10)) +
   annotate("text", x = Inf, y = -Inf, label = "PROOF ONLY",
            hjust=1.1, vjust=-1.1, col="white", cex=6,
            fontface = "bold", alpha = 0.8)

where the label is placed at the bottom-right, and the justification is adjusted to make sure the label stays in the panel area.

watermark 1

Below is a fancier example with a custom grob, which we define such that its width spans the full plot panel, even after resizing the interactive plot window,

 watermarkGrob <- function(lab = "PROOF ONLY"){
   grob(lab=lab, cl="watermark") 
 }

 ## custom draw method to
 ## calculate expansion factor on-the-fly
 drawDetails.watermark <- function(x, rot = 45, ...){
 cex <- convertUnit(unit(1,"npc"), "mm", val=TRUE) /
   convertUnit(unit(1,"grobwidth", textGrob(x$val)), "mm",val=TRUE)

 grid.text(x$lab,  rot=rot, gp=gpar(cex = cex, col="white",
                                        fontface = "bold", alpha = 0.5))

 }

 qplot(1:10, rnorm(10)) +
   annotation_custom(xmin=-Inf, ymin=-Inf, xmax=Inf, ymax=Inf, watermarkGrob())

watermark 2

You can of course replace this grob with a more complex one, e.g a table of labels to tile the panel with multiple repetitions of the watermark, or an external graphic (consider the annotation_raster function), etc. As an example, the following function uses rpatternGrob from the gridExtra package to tile multiple copies of the R logo, imported as a raster image,

 library(png)
 library(gridExtra)
 ## import logo as raster image
 m <- readPNG(system.file("img", "Rlogo.png", package="png"), FALSE)
 w <- matrix(rgb(m[,,1],m[,,2],m[,,3], m[,,4] * 0.2), # adjust alpha
             nrow=dim(m)[1])


 qplot(1:10, rnorm(10), geom = "blank") +
      annotation_custom(xmin=-Inf, ymin=-Inf, xmax=Inf, ymax=Inf, 
         rpatternGrob(motif=w, motif.width = unit(1, "cm"))) +
 geom_point()

watermark 3