Nathan Yau has just published at FlowingData a step-by-step guide on making bubble charts in R. It's actually pretty simple: read in data, sqrt-transform the "bubble" variable (to scale the bubbles by area, not radius), and use the symbols function to plot. It's the last step, though, that really ups the presentation quality: read R's PDF file into Illustrator and clean up for publication:
You can mess around with this in R, if you like, but I've found it's way easier to save my file as a PDF and do what I want with Illustrator. I uncluttered the state labels to make them more readable, rotated the y-axis labels, so that they're horizontal, added a legend for population, and removed the outside border. I also brought Georgia to the front, because most of it was hidden by Texas.
The final chart is, indeed, beautiful:
FlowingData: How to Make Bubble Charts
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Zero Inflated Models and Generalized Linear Mixed Models with R.
Zuur, Saveliev, Ieno (2012).