library(dplyr)
library(stringr)
library(purrr)
library(emoji)
library(rvest)
library(glue)
library(gt)
library(ggplot2)
library(giscoR)
library(janitor)
library(sf)
library(jsonlite)

# ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 codes
iso_3166_a2 <- read_html("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2") |> 
  html_table(na.strings = "") |> # take care not to interpret Namibia as NA!
  pluck(4) |> 
  rename(code = Code,
         name = `Country name (using title case)`) 

# Using data from {giscoR}, more adapted than {rnaturalearth} for alpha-2 codes
# but we still need some manual cleaning
countries <- gisco_countries |> 
  clean_names() |> 
  mutate(cntr_id = case_match(cntr_id,
                              "EL" ~ "GR",
                              "GB" ~ "UK",
                              .default = cntr_id))

# I want an Equal Earth projection centered on the Pacific (EPSG:8859)
# we must correct the geometry at the anti meridian, so we must get the 
# projection origin
epsg <- "8859"
origin <- fromJSON(glue("https://epsg.io/{epsg}.json")) |> 
  pluck("conversion", "parameters") |>
  filter(name == "Longitude of natural origin") |> 
  pull(value) # should be 150

# For the map background
ocean <- st_bbox(countries) |> 
  st_as_sfc() |> 
  st_break_antimeridian(lon_0 = origin) |> 
  st_segmentize(units::set_units(100, km))

results <- iso_3166_a2 |> 
  filter(str_detect(name, regex(code, ignore_case = TRUE)))

# using emoji flags for display, we need some more data wrangling
results |> 
  mutate(name_flag = name |> 
           str_split_i(",", 1)|> 
           str_replace_all(
             c("Lao People's Democratic Republic" = "Laos",
               "Russian Federation" = "Russia",
               "Syrian Arab Republic" = "Syria",
               "Virgin Islands \\(U\\.S\\.\\)" = "U.S. Virgin Islands"))) |> 
  mutate(flag = map(name_flag, possibly(\(x) flag(x), otherwise = "")),
         display = glue("{flag} {name} ({code})")) |> 
  arrange(display) |> 
  select(display) |> 
  gt() |> 
  cols_label(display = "Country") |> 
  cols_align(align = "left")

countries |> 
  st_break_antimeridian(lon_0 = origin) |> 
  left_join(results,
            join_by(cntr_id == code)) |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = ocean, fill = "paleturquoise", color = NA, alpha = .4) +
  geom_sf(aes(fill = !is.na(name), color = !is.na(name))) +
  scale_fill_manual(values =  c("TRUE" = "darkolivegreen3",
                                "FALSE" = "snow2"),
                    labels = c("TRUE" = "yes",
                               "FALSE" = "no")) +
  scale_color_manual(values =  c("TRUE" = "darkolivegreen4",
                                 "FALSE" = "snow3"),
                     labels = c("TRUE" = "yes",
                                "FALSE" = "no")) +
  coord_sf(crs = glue("EPSG:{epsg}")) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(reverse = TRUE),
         color = guide_legend(reverse = TRUE)) +
  labs(title = glue("Countries whose ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code is contained as a \\
                    substring in their name"),
       fill = "name has ISO alpha-2 ?",
       color = "name has ISO alpha-2 ?",
       caption = glue("data : Gisco, Wikipedia
                      https://r.iresmi.net/ {Sys.Date()}")) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 6),
        legend.position = "bottom",
        plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA))