map projections in oce
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Introduction
The latest version (4.9.0) of the PROJ.4 library is being incorporated into the development version of the oce R package. The work is not finalized yet, but I thought it might be useful to share an early version of the test suite, so people could get an idea of the upcoming capabilities.
Note that some projections work quite poorly in oce at the moment. The main problems are spurious overplotting of coastlines (from the opposite side of the planet), problems filling land areas that cross longitude cut lines, and problems filling Antarctica in some projections.
There are many projections to choose from, but in serious work probably only a few are relevant. Development effort will be focussed on those projections, and this includes documenting them in oce, so there’s little need to say much more here.
Note that only PROJ.4 projections that have inverses are incorporated in oce. This is because oce needs to do inverse projections for some of its plotting operations. Also note that a handful of projections have not been incorporated, because they cause errors of various sorts (e.g. the “wintri” projection causes R to segfault when trying to draw a world coastline).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | library(oce) data(coastlineWorld) par(mar=rep(2, 4)) line <- 0.25 pcol <- "blue" ecol <- "red" font <- 2 p <- "+proj=aea +lat_1=10 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=aeqd +lon_0=-45"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p,
longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=aitoff +lon_0=-45"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p,
longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=alsk +lon_0=-150"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-180,-120), latitudelim=c(50,80))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Bad coastlines", line=line, adj=0, col='red')
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=bipc" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(70, 110)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=bonne +lat_1=45" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=cass +lon_0=-45"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Bad merdians", line=line, adj=0, col='red')
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=cc" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(-40,40)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=cea" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=collg" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=crast" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eck1" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eck2" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eck3" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eck4" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eck5" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eck6" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=eqc" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=euler +lat_1=45 +lat_2=50 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=etmerc +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=fahey"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p)
mtext("+proj=fahey", line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=fouc" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=fouc_s" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=gall" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=geos +h=1e8" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=gn_sinu +n=6 +m=3" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=gnom +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(-30,30)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=goode" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=gs48"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-130,-60), latitudelim=c(30,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Overdrawn coastline", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=gs50"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-130,-60), latitudelim=c(30,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Overdrawn coastline", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=hatano" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=healpix" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=rhealpix"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p)# +north_square=1 +south_square=2")
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Unsure on usage", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=igh" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=imw_p +lat_1=10 +lat_2=70 +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=kav5" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=kav7" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=krovak +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Overdrawn coastline", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=laea +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p)
mtext("+proj=laea +lon_0=-40", line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=lonlat"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p)
mtext("+proj=lonlat", line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=latlon"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p)
mtext("+proj=lonlat", line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=lcc +lat_1=30 +lat_2=70 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=lcca +lat_0=20 +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=leac +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80, 0), latitudelim=c(0, 60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=lee_os"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-180,-120), latitudelim=c(70,110))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Overdrawn coastline", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=loxim" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=lsat +lsat=1 +path=200"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p,
longitudelim=c(-180,-120), latitudelim=c(70,120))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mbt_s" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mbt_fps" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mbtfpp" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mbtfpq" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mbtfps" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=merc" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mil_os" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(70, 120)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=mill" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=moll" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=murd1 +lat_1=30 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=murd2 +lat_1=30 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=murd3 +lat_1=30 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=natearth" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=nell" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=nell_h" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=nsper +h=90000000" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=nzmg"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-180,-120), latitudelim=c(-50,-20))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Overdrawn coastline", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 | p <- "+proj=ob_tran"
## mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-180,-120), latitudelim=c(-50,-20))
plot(0:1, 0:1, axes=FALSE, type='n', xlab="", ylab="")
box()
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Usage?", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=ocea" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=omerc +lat_1=30 +lon_1=-40 +lat_2=60"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=ortho" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=pconic +lat_1=20 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=poly +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp1" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp2" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp3" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp5" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp6" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp3p" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp5p" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=putp6p" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=qua_aut" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=qsc +lon_0=-100" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=15, fill='lightgray') mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=robin" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=rouss +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=sinu" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=stere +lat_0=90" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(70, 110)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=sterea +lat_0=90" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(70, 110)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=gstmerc +lon_0=-40 +lat_0=40 +k_0=1"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Overdrawn coastline", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 4 | p <- "+proj=tcea +lon_0=-40"
mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60))
mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font)
mtext("Extraneous lines", line=line, adj=0, col=ecol, font=font)
|
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=tissot +lat_1=20 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=tmerc +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=tpeqd +lat_1=30 +lon_1=-80" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,60)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=tpers +h=1e8" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=ups +ellps=WGS84" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(70, 110)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=urmfps +n=0.9" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=utm +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=vandg" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=vitk1 +lat_1=20 +lat_2=60 +lon_0=-40" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, longitudelim=c(-80,0), latitudelim=c(0,45)) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wag1" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wag2" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wag3" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wag4" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wag5" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wag6" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=weren" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
1 2 3 | p <- "+proj=wink1" mapPlot(coastlineWorld, projection=p, grid=FALSE) mtext(p, line=line, adj=1, col=pcol, font=font) |
References and resources
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