The antipode of each point on the Earth’s surface—the points where the blue and yellow overlap, are the land antipodes.

When I was a kid, I was was fascinated by the conundrum of what happens when you drill a hole straight through the centre of the earth. I always believed that I would turn up in Australia. But is this really the case?

The antipodes of any place on earth is the place that is diametrically opposite to it. A pair of antipodes are connected by a straight line running through the centre of the Earth. These points are as far away from each other as is possible on this planet. Two people are antipodes when they live on opposite sides of the globe. Their feet (πούς/pous in Ancient Greek) are directly opposite each other.

How can we use coding in R to solve this conundrum?

Using R to find antipodes

We can roughly recreate the antipodean map on Wikipedia with the globe package. This package, written by Adrian Baddeley, plots 2D and 3D views of the earth. The package contains a data file with major coastlines that can be used to create a flipped map of the world.

The package contains a data file with major coastlines that can be used to create a flipped map of the world. To turn a spatial location into its antipode you subtract 180 degrees from the longitude and reverse the sign of the latitude, shown below.

library(globe)
# Create antipodean map
flip <- earth
flip$coords[,1] <- flip$coords[,1]-180
flip$coords[,2] <- -flip$coords[,2]
par(mar=rep(0,4)) # Remove plotting margins
globeearth(eye=c(90,0), col="blue")
globepoints(loc=flip$coords, eye=c(90,0), col="red", pch=".")

We can also use the ggmap package to visualise antipodes. This package, developed by David Kahle antipodean R-guru Hadley Wickham, has a neat geocoding function to obtain a spatial location. The antipode function takes the description of a location and a zoom level to plot a dot on the antipode location. The gridExtra package is used to created a faceted map, which is not otherwise possible in ggmap.

library(ggmap)
library(gridExtra)

antipode <- function(location, zm=6) {
    # Map location
    lonlat <- geocode(location)
    loc1 <- get_map(lonlat, zoom=zm)
    map1 <- ggmap(loc1) + geom_point(data=lonlat, aes(lon, lat, col="red", size=10)) + 
        theme(legend.position="none")
    # Define antipode
    lonlat$lon <- lonlat$lon-180
    lonlat$lat <- -lonlat$lat
    loc2 <- get_map(lonlat, zoom=zm)
    map2 <- ggmap(loc2) + geom_point(data=lonlat, aes(lon, lat, col="red", size=10)) + 
        theme(legend.position="none")
    grid.arrange(map1, map2, nrow=1)
}

antipode("Rector Nelissenstraat 47 Hoensbroek", 4)

This code solves the problem I was thinking about as a child. Running the code shows that the antipodes location of the home I grew up in is not in Australia, but quite a way south of New Zealand. Another childhood fantasy shattered …

Antipodes using ggmap and gridExtra.

The post Finding antipodes using the globe and ggmap packages appeared first on Data Science with R.